Top 15 programming languages in 2023
What is a Programming Language?
A programming language is a way for programmers (developers) to communicate with computers. Programming languages consist of a set of rules that allows string values to be converted into various ways of generating machine code, or, in the case of visual programming languages, graphical elements.
Generally speaking, a program is a set of instructions written in a particular language (C, C++, Java, Python) to achieve a particular task.
Below is a list of the most popular and best programming languages that will be in demand in 2023.
1. Javascript
2. Python
3. Go
4. Java
5. Kotlin
6. PHP
7. C#
8. Swift
9. R
10. Ruby
11. C and C++
12. Matlab
13. TypeScript
14. Scala
15. SQL
16. HTML
17. CSS
18. NoSQL
19. Rust
20. Perl
1. Python
Python is one of the most popular programming languages today and is easy for beginners to learn because of its readability. It is a free, open-source programming language with extensive support modules and community development, easy integration with web services, user-friendly data structures, and GUI-based desktop applications. It is a popular programming language for machine learning and deep learning applications.
Python is used to develop 2D imaging and 3D animation packages like Blender, Inkscape, and Autodesk. It has also been used to create popular video games, including Civilization IV, Vegas Trike, and Toontown. Python is used for scientific and computational applications like FreeCAD and Abacus and by popular websites like YouTube, Quora, Pinterest, and Instagram. Python developers earn average annual salaries of about $109,092.
2. Javascript
JavaScript is a high-level programming language that is one of the core technologies of the World Wide Web. It is used as a client-side programming language by 97.8 percent of all websites. JavaScript was originally used only to develop web browsers, but they are now used for server-side website deployments and non-web browser applications as well.
Javascript was created in 1995 and was initially known as LiveScript. However, Java was a very popular language at that time, so it was advertised as a “younger brother” of Java. As it evolved over time, JavaScript became a fully independent language. Nowadays, JavaScript is often confused with Java, and although there are some similarities between them, the two languages are distinct.
3. Java
Java is one of the most popular programming languages used today.
Owned by Oracle Corporation, this general-purpose programming language with its object-oriented structure has become a standard for applications that can be used regardless of platform (e.g., Mac, Windows, Android, iOS, etc.) because of its Write Once, Run Anywhere (WORA) capabilities. As a result, Java is recognized for its portability across platforms, from mainframe data centers to smartphones. Today there are more than 3 billion devices running applications built with Java.
Java is widely used in web and application development as well as big data. Java is also used on the backend of several popular websites, including Google, Amazon, Twitter, and YouTube. It is also extensively used in hundreds of applications. New Java frameworks like Spring, Struts, and Hibernate are also very popular. With millions of Java developers worldwide, there are hundreds of ways to learn Java. Also, Java programmers have an extensive online community and support each other to solve problems.
Java is a more complex language to learn, but experienced developers with Java coding skills are in high demand. The average Java developer earns around $109,225 each year.
4. HTML
HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) is the standard language for creating web pages and applications. HTML is used to create web pages. You can use HTML to add images, links, and other types of content to your web page. HTML is a simple programming language; you don't need to know much about it to create a basic web page.
Images and other objects, such as interactive forms, can be embedded within the produced page using HTML structures. It enables the creation of structured documents by indicating structural semantics for text elements including as headings, paragraphs, lists, links, quotations, and other objects. HTML elements are delineated by tags, which are written in angle brackets.
Benefits of HTML
- Benefits of using HTML include creating well-structured, standards-compliant web pages that are easy to maintain and update.
- HTML is also easy to learn and is a great starting point for those new to web development.
- HTML is used to structure and present content on the web and is typically used alongside CSS and JavaScript.
- Additionally, HTML5 provides better multimedia and interactive content support, making it a powerful tool for creating engaging web experiences.
- HTML5 is the latest version and includes new features like video and audio elements, local storage, and 2D/3D graphics. HTML5 is designed to be more user-friendly and efficient than previous versions of HTML.
Cons of HTML
A few potential drawbacks exist to using HTML as a web development language.
- First, because HTML is a markup language, it is not as expressive as a programming language like JavaScript or PHP, which means that complex web applications or pages can be more challenging to develop in HTML.
- Additionally, HTML is not a very secure language, so web developers must carefully encode any user input to prevent security vulnerabilities properly.
- Finally, HTML can be somewhat challenging to learn for newcomers, as it has a lot of different elements and syntax rules.
5. CSS
CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is a style sheet language used to describe how a page that was produced in a markup language is presented. A style sheet, which is a set of rules for web browsers, can control an HTML or XML.
All HTML tags, including the text in the document's body, headings, paragraphs, and other text elements, are styled using CSS. The display of grid components, table elements, and picture
Benefits of CSS
- CSS is used to style all HTML tags, including the body of the document, headings, paragraphs, and other material. CSS can also be used to style how table components, grid elements, and images are displayed.
- Web developers use CSS to create responsive and accessible websites. CSS can make it easier for web developers to create websites that look good on all devices, including mobile phones and tablets.
- CSS can also help make websites more accessible to people with disabilities.
- CSS is easy to learn and use. Many tutorials and resources are available online, and anyone can start using CSS to style their web pages.
Con of CSS
- CSS can be challenging to debug. When there are errors in a CSS file, it can be difficult to track down the source of the problem.
- And it can be time-consuming to write. CSS files can be large and complex, and it can take a lot of time to create and maintain them.
Overall, the CSS is a powerful tool that can be used to style web documents. However, it is vital to know the potential drawbacks before using it.
6. SQL
SQL is a standard database query language. It is used to access and manipulate data in databases. SQL is a declarative language that specifies the desired results, but not the steps to achieve those results. SQL is a powerful tool for accessing and manipulating data, and it is the world's most widely used database query language.
Benefits of SQL
- SQL is a standard database query language that enables users to manipulate and query data in a database quickly.
- SQL is widely used in many applications and environments, such as web applications, data warehouses, and e-commerce applications.
- SQL provides many benefits over other database query languages, such as improved performance, better data integrity, and more accessible data manipulation.
Cons of SQL
- If you are unfamiliar with programming or database concepts, SQL can be challenging to learn.
- SQL can be slow compared to other languages, mainly when working with large databases.
- And SQL is not well suited for certain types of tasks, such as complex mathematical calculations or machine learning.
7. C#
8. C and C++
C is probably the oldest and popular programming language and is the root of other programming languages such as C#, Java, and JavaScript. C++ is an enhanced version of C. Many developers today skip learning C on its own, while others think learning C first provides a valuable foundation for C++ development. Both languages are widely used in computer science and programming.
C and C++ developers can make use of compilers for a wide variety of platforms, making applications developed in these languages largely transportable. Both C and C++ are considered high-performance languages. As such, they are widely used in developing applications where performance is a critical issue, such as client/server applications, commercial products like Firefox and Adobe, and video games. C and C++ developers earn an average of $118,366 each year.
9. TypeScript
TypeScript is a newcomer to top programming language lists, but it’s making headway. It was developed in 2012 by Microsoft and is a typed version of JavaScript that is well suited for large code bases. TypeScript is used to create JavaScript-based projects with typing in both client-side and server-side development, making useful for catching errors and preventing systemic issues.
TypeScript was named “most adopted tech” in the 2021 State of JavaScript Survey. TypeScript developers typically earn an annual average of $75,199.
10. PHP
PHP is an open-source programming language created in 1990. Many web developers find it essential to learn PHP, as this language is used to build more than 80% of websites on the Internet, including notable sites like Facebook and Yahoo.
Programmers mainly use PHP mainly to write server-side scripts. But developers can also use this language to write command-line scripts, and programmers with high-level PHP coding skills can also use it to develop desktop applications.
PHP is considered a relatively easy language to learn for beginning developers. PHP professionals have access to several dedicated online communities, making it easy to get support and answers to questions.
On average, PHP programmers earn average annual salaries of about $107,409.
11. R
R is an open-source language that is essentially a different version of the S language. Much of the code that developers write for S runs on R without modification.
Applications built in R are used for processing statistics, including linear and nonlinear modeling, calculation, testing, visualization, and analysis. Applications coded using R can interface with a number of databases and process both structured and unstructured data.
R has a moderate learning curve and is not as easy for beginners to pick up as some other languages in this article. However, like other open-source programming languages, R boasts an active online community of developers, which is always a plus when learning new coding skills.
On average, R developers earn average annual salaries of about $90,940.
12. Ruby
If you want to start with a language that is known for being relatively simple to learn, consider Ruby. Developed in the 1990s, it was designed to have a more human-friendly syntax while still being flexible from the standpoint of its object-oriented architecture that supports procedural and functional programming notation. A web-application framework that is implemented in Ruby is Ruby on Rails (“RoR”). Ruby developers tout it for being an easy language to write in and also for the relatively short learning time required. These attributes have led to a large community of Ruby developers and a growing interest in the language among beginning developers. The average salary for a Ruby developer is around $121,000 per year.
13. Go
Go was developed by Google in 2007 for APIs and web applications. Go has recently become one of the fastest-growing programming languages due to its simplicity, as well as its ability to handle multicore and networked systems and massive codebases.
Go, also known as Golang, was created to meet the needs of programmers working on large projects. It has gained popularity among many large IT companies thanks to its simple and modern structure and syntax familiarity. Companies using Go as their programming language include Google, Uber, Twitch, Dropbox, among many others. Go is also gaining in popularity among data scientists because of its agility and performance.
Go developers can earn an average annual salary of $141,654 and hitting up to $261,000.
14. Swift
A few years ago, Swift made the top 10 in the monthly TIOBE Index ranking of popular programming languages. Apple developed Swift in 2014 for Linux and Mac applications.
An open-source programming language that is easy to learn, Swift supports almost everything from the programming language Objective-C. Swift requires fewer coding skills compared with other programming languages, and it can be used with IBM Swift Sandbox and IBM Bluemix. Swift is used in popular iOS apps like WordPress, Mozilla Firefox, SoundCloud, and even in the game Flappy Bird. Professionals who develop iOS applications take home average annual salaries of around $106,652.
15. Kotlin
Kotlin is a general-purpose programming language originally developed and unveiled as Project Kotlin by JetBrains in 2011. The first version was officially released in 2016. It is interoperable with Java and supports functional programming languages.
Kotlin is used extensively for Android apps, web application, desktop application, and server-side application development. Kotlin was built to be better than Java, and people who use this language are convinced. Most of the Google applications are based on Kotlin. Some companies using Kotlin as their programming language include Coursera, Pinterest, PostMates among many others.
Kotlin developers earn an average of $136,000 a year, with the potential to earn up to $171,500.
3.Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Which is the No 1
programming language?
What are the 5 most
used programming languages?
What are the top 3
programming languages to learn?
Should I learn Java or C#?
Why Java is better
than Python?
Which is better
Java or Python?
What is the top 1
hardest programming language?
What is the
toughest part of coding?
Which programming
language has highest salary?
Which pays more
Java or Python?
Can I learn Python
in a month?
Which language is best for placement?
Which course is in
demand for it?
Which software
course is best in IT field?
Which computer
course has highest salary?
What should I study
in IT field?
Which stream is
best for IT jobs?
Which course is
most valuable?
Which 3 month
computer course is best?
Which computer
course has highest scope?
Which computer
course has more scope?
What skills will be
in-demand in 2025?
Which course is
in-demand in future?
Which is the most valuable course in India?
What is basic
computer course?
Which computer course is very easy?
Which computer course is useful?
Which course has
more scope in future in IT?
Which course is in
demand in future?
Which degree is
best for IT sector jobs?
Which IT technology
is most in demand in 2023?
Which stream has
highest salary?
Which course is
trending in IT sector?
Which computer
course has highest scope?
How do I choose a
career in IT industry?
Which course is
best for future 2025?
Is there any scope in IT sector?